Absract Archive   July 2010 Full length Article Study on Five Lead Compounds of Inhibiting Polyolpathway Enzyme SDH - A Pre ADMET Analysis Abstract Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic health disorder. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. One of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus results in activation of Polyol pathway. Activation of the Polyol pathway results in a decrease of reduced NADP+ and oxidized NAD+; these are necessary cofactors in redox reactions throughout the body. Aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase are the enzymes of Polyol pathway. Excessive activation of the Polyol pathway increases intracellular and extracellular sorbitol concentrations, increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species and decreased concentrations of nitric oxide and glutathione. Each of these imbalances can damage cells; in there are several acting together. Drug designing study was carried out concentrating on the enzymes aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase of Polyol pathway, the drugs selected showed interaction with aldose reductase but showed no interaction with sorbitol dehydrogenase. So the study was concentrated mainly with aldose reductase (rate limiting enzyme). From the results it was concluded that five lead compounds namely Metformine, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazaspiro [5-5] undeca-2, 4-diene-2, 4-diamine, 1-(4-flurophenyl)-1,3, 5-triazaspiro [5-5] undeca-2,4-diene-2,4- diamine,1-(4 chlorophenyl sulfonyl-3- (3 methylbutyl)urea, 1-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy) ethyl] phenoxy]-3-(isopropyl amino) propan-2-ol showed interaction with the enzyme aldose reductase of Polyol pathway and also when their SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism) amino acids were mutated. Therefore, these compounds were selected as lead compounds from which effective drugs could be built and can be used to restrict the activation of the pathway confirmed with PreADMET analysis. Keywords: Hyperglycemia, polyol pathway, SNPs, lead compounds, propan-2-ol, PreADMET analysis. Authors : N. Arun and *P. Kokila * For Correspondence : E mail : aamaravian@gmail.com Full length Article Isolation and Characterization of Protease Production of Moderately Halophilic Protease from Newly Isolated Bacillus aquimaris Strain AP.MSU5 Abstract The optimum conditions for the protease production by Bacillus aquimaris were found to be at pH 7.0 (230.97 U/ml) and temperature (136.48 U/ml) at 40ºC. The effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on protease production indicated that (179.32 U/ml) maltose and casein (172.18 U/ml) were the apt substrates for protease production respectively. In experimentation with metal ions, the maximum protease production was observed (350.03 U/ml) in the media supplemented with calcium chloride. The halotolerancy of B. aquimaris AP.MSU5 for protease production indicated that, 0.5% sodium chloride was optimum for maximizing the protease production (131.02 U/ml). Among the tested surfactants, the maximum protease production was observed in Tween 20 (154.25 ml) when compared to the other tested surfactants. Effect of hydrocarbons inferred that the maximum protease production was recorded in the nonane (123.88 U/ml) supplemented medium. Key words: Protease; Bacillus aquimaris AP.MSU5; Optimization; 16S rRNA Gene sequence Authors : *S.Sankaralingam1, P.Kameshpandiyan2, A.Palavesam2, K.Lingakumar1, D.Prabu1 and V.Thirumalaiarasu1 * For Correspondence : E mail : biosankaralingam@yahoo.co.in Full length Article Studies on the Improved Strain of E.coli CSH 108 for the Good Yield of Threonine Abstract The mutational rate in F prime of Escherichia Coli CSH108 was analyzed with various concentrations of antibiotics. A better understanding of the mode of action of the antibiotics continues to have a great importance i.e., the drugs can be used to select the Lac Z+ Strains of CSH 108 which is an autotrophic for arginine and revertant have an increased probability. Meanwhile, the present study carried out to determine the mutational effect of Lac Z revertants in E. coli CSH108 using streptomycin and Amikacin and improved the strain for the good yield of threonine production. Keywords: E. coli CSH 108; Lac Z revertant; F prime; Threonine Author : K.Jaianand * For Correspondence : E mail : jaianand.k@lifecellinternational.com Mini Review Need of Culture Independent Method for The Isolation of Novel Actinomycetes from Cave Environment Abstract In this article, we reviewed the need of culture independent methods for novel Actinomycetes taxonomy study from cave environments. Because, this hypogean environment could be the main source for the rare strains as well as its secondary metabolites with new chemical entities, particularly variety of new drug production which has more industrial importance. Recent cave studies proved the role of biotechnological methods in the rare actinomycete isolation study. 16s rRNA sequencing method simplifies the determination of this extreme environment living microbial groups. Same time the use of specific and Universal forward and reverse primers also reviewed. However, unfavorable conditions present in cave create stress to actinomycete at genetic level. This paved the way to new species evaluation and its novel metabolites has application on biotechnological industries, particularly antimicrobial activity and biodegradation. Key Words: cave resource, novel actinomycete, 16s rRNA sequencing Authors : *Baby Joseph and Sankarganesh * For Correspondence : E mail : petercmibtiru@gmail.com Report Pandemic Potential of Influenza Viruses: Role of Swine as Mixing Vessel Abstract Avian influenza has caused havoc in the poultry industry worldwide. Millions of birds have been culled to control the disease. Human cases of bird flu have also been reported in certain places. There are no reports of human–human transmission of avian Influenza virus. The real danger is the possibility of mutation of avian Influenza to infect humans and carrying out effective human–human transmission. Swine has the receptors for both human and avian Influenza viruses. Previous Influenza pandemics in humans have taken place due to the mixed strain of avian and swine Influenza Therefore, there is every possibility that avian Influenza virus can be mutated in Swine population and develop into a pandemic strain. Keywords: Influenza virus; Pandemics; Avian; Swine; Receptors; Antigenic shift Authors : *Md.Mudassar Chanda1, D.Hemadri1, Jagannadham Challa2 and Prabhudas K1 * For Correspondence : E mail : chandamudassar@gmail.com Tutorial Review Marker Free Transgenic Plants Abstract Selectable marker genes are widely used for efficient transformation of crop plants. In most cases, selection is based on antibiotic or herbicide resistance. Due mainly to consumer concern, a suite of strategies have been developed to eliminate the marker gene from the nuclear or chloroplast genome after selection. Current efforts concentrate on systems where marker genes are eliminated efficiently soon after the transformation. Alternatively, transgenic plants are produced by the use of marker genes that do not relay on antibiotic or herbicide resistance but instead promote regeneration after transformation. Co-transformations of two different constructs can result in transgenic lines that have integrated both transgene. As alternative to co-transformation, several transposable element systems and site specific recombination systems have been employed for marker removal. A less complicated approach to induce DNA deletions is based on Intrachromosomal homologous recombination between two homologous sequences. A luciferase gene was introduced into the tobacco genome by using the hygromysin phototransferase gene (hpt) as a linked selectable marker. Flanked by recombination sites from the bacteriophage P1 Cre / lox recombination system, the hpt gene was subsequently excised from the plant genome by the Cre recombination. The dhlA marker provides haloalkane dehalogenase reporter activity and substrate dependant negative selection in transgenic plants. The gus gene codes for β-glucuronidase enzyme and was isolated from Escherichia coli is widely used as a reporter gene in positive selection of transgenic plants. Keywords : Marker free transgenics, Clean gene technology, transposable elements, selectable marker, co-transformation and site specific recombination Authors : *M.B. Boranayaka1 and R.Gnanam2 * For Correspondence : E mail : aamaravian@gmail.com Short Communication Bioremediation of Poultry Waste Abstract Enzyme technology and development today is a highly efficient and potent process. However, there are so many fields where improvements in our knowledge and the ability to predict outcomes would be advantageous. Actinomycetes, the wonderful organisms can able to produce antibiotics and enzymes are acting as a source for the production of keratinase enzyme. Poultry waste is the one of the major cause for soil pollution and 18 million thousand poultry waste was produced every year which can be treated by keratinase enzyme, thus bioremediates and converts them into cysteine rich amino acids and can be used as food and feed supplements. Our research studies discuss the degradation patterns of feather effluents by Actinomycetes and the formation of degradable products. Thus Bioremediation of Poultry Waste and its further use in Biotechnology are discussed. Keywords: Keratinase, poultry waste, cysteine, Actinomycetes, Degradation Authors : * V.Suneetha, Sujeet Kumar and C. Ramalingam * For Correspondence : E mail : vsuneetha@vit.ac.in Short Communication Anatomical Studies in Withania Somnifera L. (Dunal) - an Important Medicinal Plant Abstract Withania somnifera L. Dunal is commonly known as “Aswagandha”. It is one of the most important medicinal plants and also known as “Indian ginseng”. The anatomical characteristics of the leaf, stem and root of W. somnifera have been studied. The analysis provided here by studying the cross sections of root, stem, leaf, venation pattern, and trichome comprises the species. The results showed that there is concentration of vascular bundles at the central portion of root cortex, calcium oxalate presence in the root powder and non glandular trichome were present in the leaves. Keywords: Anatomical features; Leaf; Stem; Root Withania somnifera; Solanaceae *M.Senthil Kumar1, D.Vinoth Kumar2, A.Ramachandran3 and A.Shajahan1 * For Correspondence : E mail : senthil2323@gmail.com